E-bike Fire Toronto: What Is Happening? 

The Incident

In Toronto, a recent e-bike fire incident aboard a TTC subway car has prompted Fire Chief Matthew Pegg to emphasize safety measures for handling lithium-ion batteries. This incident, which occurred at Sheppard-Yonge station on a Sunday afternoon, was quickly managed by fire crews with no serious injuries reported, although one person received treatment for non-life-threatening injuries.

Chief Pegg identified the cause of the fire as a malfunction in the e-bike’s lithium-ion battery pack, which erupted into a significant blaze within seconds. He pointed out that such rapid failures are characteristic of these batteries due to their compact storage of large amounts of energy.

In light of this incident and the growing use of lithium-ion batteries in various devices, Chief Pegg noted a concerning trend in battery-related fires in Toronto. In 2022, there were 29 such fires, a number which rose to 55 in 2023, predominantly involving e-bikes and scooters. He stressed that these devices are generally safe but can become dangerous when they fail, leading to intense fires that pose immediate risks.

Prevention

To mitigate these risks, Chief Pegg highlighted several safety tips for lithium-ion battery users:

1. Use only manufacturer-approved batteries and charging cords for your devices.
2. Avoid charging devices in potentially hazardous locations, such as under pillows, on beds, or on couches.
3. Prevent overcharging by unplugging devices once they reach full charge.
4. Keep batteries out of direct sunlight and hot vehicles.
5. Store batteries in fire-safe locations, away from flammable materials.
6. Handle devices and chargers carefully to prevent damage.
7. Discontinue the use of batteries if there are signs of damage, leakage, excessive heat, or unusual noise or smell.

Safety Measures

Additionally, in response to the increasing incidents, the fire department is developing a comprehensive safety campaign for 2024, focusing on lithium-ion battery safety. This initiative, along with the department’s established operational policies for responding to battery fires, aims to increase public awareness and safety.

1. Use Only Manufacturer-Approved Batteries and Charging Cords: Using batteries and chargers that are not designed for your specific device can lead to compatibility issues, improper charging, and an increased risk of overheating or damage to the battery. Manufacturer-approved accessories are tested to meet safety standards and ensure optimal performance of your device.
2. Avoid Charging in Hazardous Locations: Charging devices in places like under pillows, on beds, or on couches can lead to overheating. These materials can insulate the device, trapping heat, and potentially igniting a fire. Always charge on a hard, flat surface that allows for proper ventilation.
3. Prevent Overcharging: Lithium-ion batteries can degrade or become unstable if left charging continuously after reaching full capacity. Unplugging your device once fully charged prevents excessive heat build-up and prolongs the life of the battery.
4. Keep Batteries Out of Extreme Temperatures: Exposure to high temperatures levels can cause lithium-ion batteries to degrade faster and can even lead to thermal runaway, where the battery overheats and potentially catches fire. Similarly, cold temperatures can reduce the battery’s performance and capacity.
5. Store in Fire-Safe Locations: Storing batteries away from flammable materials reduces the risk of a fire spreading in case of a battery malfunction. A fire-resistant container or location can provide an additional layer of safety.
6. Handle Devices and Chargers Carefully: Physical damage to batteries or chargers can lead to internal short circuits, leading to overheating and potential fires. Avoid dropping, crushing, or bending your devices and chargers.
7. Discontinue Use if Damaged: If you notice any unusual behavior such as leaking, odors, change in shape or color, excessive heat, or strange noises from the battery, it’s crucial to stop using it immediately. These signs can indicate internal damage or malfunction, which could lead to dangerous outcomes.

For e-bike batteries specifically:

1. Regular Inspection: Frequently check the battery for signs of damage, corrosion, or swelling. Regular inspections can assist in identifying potential issues before they become serious problems.
2. Follow Manufacturer’s Guidelines: Adhering to the manufacturer’s instructions for charging and storage is vital. These guidelines are designed to maximize safety and battery lifespan.
3. Avoid Extreme Temperatures: Store and use the e-bike and its battery in environments that are not too hot or cold. Extreme temperatures can affect the overall performance and safety of the battery.
4. Use the Correct Charger: Use the Correct Charger: Always use the charger that comes with the e-bike, or one that the manufacturer approves. Using an incorrect charger can lead to improper charging and increased risk of damage. Chargers specifically designed for your e-bike’s battery ensure the correct charging voltage and current, preventing overcharging or undercharging, both of which can significantly shorten the battery’s lifespan. Additionally, non-approved chargers may not have the necessary safety features to prevent overloading or overheating, increasing the risk of a fire or explosion. It’s also important to regularly inspect your charger for any damage, such as frayed cables or loose connections, to ensure safe operation.
5. Keep the Battery Dry and Clean: Moisture can damage the battery cells and lead to short circuits. Regular cleaning helps maintain the connections and overall health of the battery. Ensure that the battery is kept away from water and high-humidity environments, as moisture can corrode the internal components, leading to reduced efficiency and potential hazards. When cleaning the e-bike battery use a dry or slightly moist cloth to wipe down the battery and avoid using harsh chemicals or submerging it in water. Keeping the battery clean also includes ensuring the contact points of the e-bike, where the battery connects to the e-bike, are free of dirt and debris, which can interfere with the power transfer and charging process. Proper maintenance of the battery’s cleanliness can not only increase its lifespan but also enhance the overall performance and reliability of your e-bike.
6. Proper Storage for Extended Periods: If you’re not using your e-bike for a while, charge the battery to the recommended level (usually around 40-60%) and store it in a cool, dry place. This helps in maintaining the battery’s health.
7. Respond to Malfunction Signs: If the battery shows any signs of malfunctioning, such as overheating, unusual smells, or visible damage, it’s crucial to stop using it immediately to prevent any risk of fire or injury.

Following these tips can significantly reduce the risks associated with lithium-ion batteries in e-bikes and other devices, ensuring safer usage and longer battery life.